ABSTRACT
Feline demodicosis is considered a rare dermatopathy and can be caused by Demodex cati, Demodex gatoi and a third species not yet named. An adult male feline was attended with severe pruritus for 9 months and a history of treatment with cephalexin and prednisolone, with progressive worsening. On physical examination, there was alopecia, hyperkeratosis, abrasions and erythema on the head, neck, lumbosacral region, tail and pelvic limbs, in addition to the presence of fleas. For pulicosis, selamectin spot on was prescribed every 30 days and use of amitraz in the environment every seven days. In order to control secondary infection, weekly baths with chlorhexidine were recommended. Deep skin scraping and hair plucking were performed for trichogram and parasitological skin examination, respectively, with diagnoses of demodicosis by Demodex cati, and mycotic dermatitis associated with secondary bacterial infection. The treatment was modified to use selamectin every 2 weeks, but the tutor did not return and reported, after several months, that he had done therapy with selamectin only every 30 days and discontinued baths. For this feline, it was not possible to associate demodicosis with other comorbidities. It is believed that the generalized presentation of the disease occurred due to the pruritus caused by pulicosis.
A demodicose felina é considerada uma dermatopatia rara e pode ser causada pelos ácaros Demodex cati,Demodex gatoi e uma terceira espécie ainda não nomeada. Foi atendido um felino adulto apresentando prurido intenso há 9 meses e histórico de tratamento com cefalexina e prednisolona, com piora progressiva. Ao exame físico, havia alopecia, hiperqueratose, escoriações e eritema em cabeça, pescoço, região lombossacra, cauda e membros pélvicos, além da presença de pulgas. Para puliciose, foram prescritos selamectina spot on a cada 30 dias e uso de amitraz no ambiente a cada sete dias e, para controle da infecção secundária pelas escoriações, foram recomendados banhos semanais com clorexidine. Realizaram-se raspado de pele profundo e arrancamento de pelos para tricograma e exame parasitológico de pele, respectivamente, com diagnósticos de demodicose por Demodex cati, e dermatite micótica associada a infecção bacteriana secundária. O tratamento foi modificado para uso de selamectina a cada 2 semanas, mas tutor não retornou e informou, após vários meses, ter feito terapia com selamectina apenas a cada 30 dias e descontinuidade dos banhos. Não foi possível associar a demodicose, para este felino, a outras comorbidades e acredita-se que a apresentação generalizada da doença tenha se dado pelo prurido causado pela puliciose.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Skin Diseases/veterinary , Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/veterinary , Cats/abnormalities , Dermatitis/veterinary , Flea Infestations/complications , Mite Infestations/complications , Pruritus/veterinary , Alopecia/veterinaryABSTRACT
A demodicose felina é considerada uma dermatopatia rara e pode ser causada pelos ácaros Demodex cati, Demodex gatoi e uma terceira espécie ainda não nomeada. Foi atendido um felino adulto apresentando prurido intenso há 9 meses e histórico de tratamento com cefalexina e prednisolona, com piora progressiva. Ao exame físico, havia alopecia, hiperqueratose, escoriações e eritema em cabeça, pescoço, região lombossacra, cauda e membros pélvicos, além da presença de pulgas. Para puliciose, foram prescritos selamectina spot on a cada 30 dias e uso de amitraz no ambiente a cada sete dias e, para controle da infecção secundária pelas escoriações, foram recomendados banhos semanais com clorexidine. Realizaram-se raspado de pele profundo e arrancamento de pelos para tricograma e exame parasitológico de pele, respectivamente, com diagnósticos de demodicose por Demodex cati, e dermatite micótica associada a infecção bacteriana secundária. O tratamento foi modificado para uso de selamectina a cada 2 semanas, mas tutor não retornou e informou, após vários meses, ter feito terapia com selamectina apenas a cada 30 dias e descontinuidade dos banhos. Não foi possível associar a demodicose, para este felino, a outras comorbidades e acredita-se que a apresentação generalizada da doença tenha se dado pelo prurido causado pela puliciose.
Feline demodicosis is considered a rare dermatopathy and can be caused by Demodex cati, Demodex gatoi and a third species not yet named. An adult male feline was attended with severe pruritus for 9 months and a history of treatment with cephalexin and prednisolone, with progressive worsening. On physical examination, there was alopecia, hyperkeratosis, abrasions and erythema on the head, neck, lumbosacral region, tail and pelvic limbs, in addition to the presence of fleas. For pulicosis, selamectin spot on was prescribed every 30 days and use of amitraz in the environment every seven days. In order to control secondary infection, weekly baths with chlorhexidine were recommended. Deep skin scraping and hair plucking were performed for trichogram and parasitological skin examination, respectively, with diagnoses of demodicosis by Demodex cati, and mycotic dermatitis associated with secondary bacterial infection. The treatment was modified to use selamectin every 2 weeks, but the tutor did not return and reported, after several months, that he had done therapy with selamectin only every 30 days and discontinued baths. For this feline, it was not possible to associate demodicosis with other comorbidities. It is believed that the generalized presentation of the disease occurred due to the pruritus caused by pulicosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cats/abnormalities , Cats/parasitology , Mite Infestations/diagnosis , Mite Infestations/veterinaryABSTRACT
Background@#Medicines for the treatment of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections are urgently needed. However, drug screening using live 2019-nCoV requires high-level biosafety facilities, which imposes an obstacle for those without such facilities or 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). This study aims to repurpose the clinically approved drugs for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a 2019-nCoV related coronavirus model.@*Methods@#A 2019-nCoV related pangolin coronavirus GX_P2V/pangolin/2017/ Guangxi was described. Whether GX_P2X uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the cell receptor was investigated by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) -mediated silencing of ACE2. The pangolin coronavirus model was used to identify drug candidates for treating 2019-nCoV infection. Two libraries of 2406 clinically approved drugs were screened for their ability to inhibit cytopathic effects on Vero E6 cells by GX_P2X infection. The antiviral activities and antiviral mechanisms of potential drugs were further investigated. Viral yields of RNAs and infectious particles were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and plaque assay, respectively.@*Results@#The spike protein of coronavirus GX_P2V shares 92.2% amino acid identity with that of 2019-nCoV isolate Wuhan-hu-1, and uses ACE2 as the receptor for infection just like 2019-nCoV. Three drugs-cepharanthine (CEP), selamectin and mefloquine hydrochloride exhibited complete inhibition of cytopathic effects in cell culture at 10 μmol/L. CEP demonstrated the most potent inhibition of GX_P2V infection, with a concentration for 50% of maximal effect [EC50] of 0.98 μmol/L. The viral RNA yield in cells treated with 10 μmol/L CEP was 15,393-fold lower than in cells without CEP treatment ([6.48±0.02]×10-4 vs. 1.00±0.12, t=150.38, P<0.001) at 72 h post-infection (p.i.). Plaque assays found no production of live viruses in media containing 10 μmol/L CEP at 48 h p.i. Furthermore, we found CEP has potent antiviral activities against both viral entry (1.00±0.37 vs. 0.46±0.12, t=2.42, P<0.05) and viral replication (1.00±0.43 vs. [6.18±0.95]×10-4, t=3.98, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Our pangolin coronavirus GX_P2V is a workable model for 2019-nCoV research. CEP, selamectin and mefloquine hydrochloride are potential drugs for treating 2019-nCoV infection. Our results strongly suggest that CEP is a wide-spectrum inhibitor of pan-betacoronavirus, and clinical trial of CEP for treatment of 2019-nCoV infection is warranted.